119, 123 [13 P.2d 647], where the occupation of the land was by mistake "with no intention on the part of the occupant to claim as his own, land which does not belong to him, but with the intention to claim only to the true line wherever it may be. In the present case, however, the respondent proved by substantial evidence that the description on the tax assessment rolls was mistaken and that he and his predecessors not only thought that they were paying taxes on the land occupied but in fact paid taxes actually assessed against such lands. 38-41-101, 38-41-108. According to the evidence and the findings of the trial court, this litigation arose out of a "general mistake existing as to the proper description of several lots lying in and upon block fifty-one as shown on the Official Map of the City of Benicia, California." try clicking the minimize button instead. 135, 147.) 2 Section 324 of the Code of Civil Procedure provides that "[w]here it appears that there has been an actual continued occupation of land, under a claim of title, exclusive of any other right, but not founded upon a written instrument, judgment or decree, the land so actually occupied, and no other, is deemed to have been held adversely." 2d 463] which he intended to keep for himself. The trial court found that respondent "and his predecessors in title, have been in possession and occupied the west one-half (W 1/2) of Lot Seven by virtue and under deed describing their said property as the East one-half (E 1/2) of Lot Seven. 3d 866, 876-877), and whether the size of trees or bushes should be limited to their smallest size during the prescriptive period (see O'Banion v. Borba (1948) 32 Cal. 12, 17, also recognized an exception to the mistake rule where the possessor does not claim that his fences mark the true line but intends to move them to the true line when it is discovered. Can the government adversely possess property? Section 325 of that code requires that to obtain title by adverse possession the land must be occupied and claimed for five years continuously and that claimants or their predecessors must have paid all taxes levied and assessed against the land. Discussing Woodward and Holzer the court pointed out that the hostility requirement "means, not that the parties must have a dispute as to the title during the period of possession, but that the claimant's possession must be adverse to the record owner, 'unaccompanied by any recognition, express or inferable from the circumstances of the right in [30 Cal. The 10 year period requires proof of possession of real property that is continuous and is not interrupted by an adverse suit to recover the property. The trial court found that "for more than forty years last past, and prior to the commencement of this action, plaintiff Ernest T. Sorenson and his predecessors of title, have been in actual possession" of the property in question; that "from the year 1893, to the date of the commencement of this action, due to the mistake of the several Grantees and Grantors of said real property, the same has been mistakenly described in the several conveyances thereof, including the conveyance to plaintiff herein, as the East one-half (E 1/2) of Lot Seven (7), Block Fifty-one (51), City of Benicia, California, instead of the West one-half (W 1/2) of Lot Seven, Block Fifty-one (51), City of Benicia, California. In order to prevail on an adverse possession claim, a claimant must establish possession of the disputed property was "continuous, adverse, hostile, under known and visible lines and boundaries, and exclusive during the statutory period under a claim of title to the land occupied." State v. Procedural Matters 5842. " from the year 1893 to the date of the commencement of the action. The claimant, or disseisor, must. Sign it in a few clicks ], This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google. ", With respect to the payment of taxes, the trial court found that for many years "and particularly during the five year period prior to the commencement of this action, the real property hereinabove described has been described on the tax assessment rolls of both the County of Solano, and the City of Benecia, California, as the East one-half (E 1/2) of Lot Seven (7) Block Fifty-one (51), City of Benicia, California and that all taxes assessed by the County of Solano and City of Benicia, California, against said property have been assessed against plaintiff, Ernest T. Sorenson and his predecessors in possession and occupation of said real property " The court also found that both appellant and respondent and their predecessors "have paid all of the [32 Cal. There is no question that a person claiming title by adverse possession must show that he and his predecessors actually paid the taxes assessed on the particular land occupied, and he cannot show compliance with section 325 of the Code of Civil Procedure by merely proving that he and his predecessors "thought or supposed they were paying taxes" on the land occupied by them, when the lands were assessed under a correct description that applied to other land. [30 Cal. Sign up for our free summaries and get the latest delivered directly to you. 2d 464] and not independently to make a continuous holding united into one ground of action." App. App. 278]; Meier v. Meier, 71 Cal. 14, 58; 4 Tiffany, Real Property [supra], 1159; 1 Walsh, Commentaries on the Law of Real Property, 19.). at 309-310 citing Woodward v. Faris, 109 Cal. Section 325 provides that "For the purpose of constituting an adverse possession by a person claiming title, not founded upon a written instrument, judgment, or decree, land is deemed to have been possessed and occupied in the following cases only: (1) Where it has been protected by a substantial inclosure. 12, 17, this court expressly held that if the claimant intends to claim the area occupied as his land, the mere fact that the claim was based on mistake does not preclude him from acquiring title by adverse possession. 2d 590, 596; Lucas v. Provines, 130 Cal. Home; Get a Lawyer; Areas of Law; Legal Info; About Us; FAQ; 888-789-7743; Select Page. After recognizing the Holzer decision, the court reaffirmed the rule that title by adverse possession may be acquired when the possession or use commenced under mistake and upheld trial court determination that the land occupied on the basis of mistake was held adversely. (Standard Quicksilver Co. v. Habishaw, 132 Cal. Sorensen v. Costa, supra, 32 Cal. Meanwhile, respondent also brought an action against Nettie Connolly claiming title under his deed to the east half of Lot 7. 247, 251; cases collected 2 C.J.S. (1996) 50 Cal. The exception was applied to deny a claim of adverse possession in Holzer v. Read (1932) 216 Cal. Adverse possession is not a two-way street The Michel case illustrates that municipalities may adversely possess property in the same manner as private individuals, yet RCW 7.28.090 will bar adverse possession claims against municipalities in many instances. 318] where the "uncontroverted evidence" indicated that the possessors believed they constructed the fence on their own property or the property line and "that they had no intention of claiming any property that did not belong to them." The case presents a good overview of this powerful, yet sometimes-forgotten legal doctrine. [10] Thus, all interested persons have mistakenly believed during the statutory period that the description of the land and improvements on the tax assessment rolls referred to the land occupied by respondent, when, in fact, the description erroneously referred to certain unimproved property. In some cases . 679, 686. I. App. The trial court found that he intended to claim only the land described in his deed, and this court affirmed the judgment on the ground that in the absence of an intention to claim the land in dispute as his own, his possession was not adverse. The parties and their predecessors were assessed taxes by lot number. Property held by the federal government, a state, or a MUNICIPAL . App. (See CCP section 7 The Court considered the moving and opposition papers. Hostile Claim - The trespasser must either: make an honest mistake (such as relying on an incorrect deed), merely occupy the land (with or without knowledge that it is private property); or be aware of his or her trespassing. The court found that this same mistake was made on the [32 Cal. . "Provided, however, that in no case shall adverse possession be considered established under the provisions of any section or sections of this code, unless it shall be shown that the land [32 Cal. 3d 325] ascertaining the land described by map and parcel number, the landowner must still resort to metes and bounds description. (Id. (San Francisco v. San Mateo County, 17 Cal. Ordinarily, when adjoining lots are assessed by lot number, the claimant to the disputed portion cannot establish adverse possession because he cannot establish payment of taxes. 2d 143, 157 [40 P.2d 839]; Montecito Valley Co. v. Santa Barbara, 144 Cal. 12, 17; Park v. Powers, 2 Cal. 3d 321] predecessors relied upon the position of the stake. A survey stake purporting to establish the boundary between the two lots had been erroneously placed on plaintiffs' property without fault of either plaintiffs or defendants or their predecessors, and in making the above improvements and using them, defendants' and their [30 Cal. (2) Quiet T .. In the circumstances, the trial court was not required to infer that the assessor concluded the sidewalk and plantings reflected ownership of the disputed land by defendants and their predecessors. In shaping relief, the court shall consider the owner's future plans for use of the land and his need for the land. C.C.P. You will lose the information in your envelope, LOPEZ VS. ed. (Code Civ. Even if the descriptions on the tax receipts are insufficient by themselves to identify the property, as far as the requirements of adverse possession are involved, the claimant may show by other evidence that the particular land occupied was assessed, and the [32 Cal. Similarly, where the claimant by construction of buildings or other valuable improvements or by the building of fences has visibly shown occupation of a disputed strip of land adjoining the boundary, several cases have reasoned that the "natural inference" is that the assessor did not base the assessment on the record boundary but valued the land and improvements visibly possessed by the parties. The house is listed as being owned by Bank of America as of July 2012, and that an adverse possession was filed in July. 303, 309-10, 901 P.2d 1074 (1995). In some cases, this may involve occupying an abandoned property for a certain period of time and/or paying the property taxes that the property owner failed to pay. Since appellant as well as other interested parties at the time the taxes in question were assessed also understood that the taxes related to the property occupied, he could not have been misled thereby. 12, 17, this court expressly held that if the claimant intends to claim the area occupied as his land, the mere fact that the claim was based on mistake does not preclude him from acquiring title by adverse possession. That statement is not applicable to the present case, for the trial court found on the basis of substantial evidence that respondent and his predecessors did claim the land as their own and held it "adversely to all the world." A survey stake purporting to establish the boundary between the two lots had been erroneously placed on plaintiffs' property without fault of either plaintiffs or defendants or their predecessors, and in making the above improvements and using them, defendants' and their [30 Cal. 1973) p. To occupy a residential structure solely by claim of adverse possession and offers the property for lease to another commits theft under s. 812.014, F.S. The law protects the de minims takings . The actions were consolidated for trial. Appellant relies on Breen v. Donnelly, 74 Cal. They state that the doctrine arose during a period when conveyances used metes and bounds descriptions, while the great majority of property is now described by reference to subdivision lots. In Bank. 3) Do not allow subletting, make sure it is clearly stated in the lease. 9 The parties stipulated to the facts and submitted the case to the judge without a jury. In order to tack one person's possession to that of another, some form of privity between successive claimants for the five-year period is necessary. that a successful adverse possession claimant obtains ownership of the land (i.e., an estate), while a successful prescriptive easement claimant merely obtains the REAL PROPER TY LA W CACI No. Defendant Dansk's additional UMFs (6-8) are unopposed but immaterial. Unclean hands is an equitable doctrine and application of the doctrine is a question of fact. In both cases the claimant attempted to support his claim of adverse possession by a deed excluding the land claimed, and it was held that such deeds did not supply the necessary privity. To limit the doctrine of adverse possession to the latter possession places a premium on intentional wrongdoing contrary to fundamental justice and policy. The elements of an adverse possession case, generally, are open, notorious, hostile, and continuous use and possession of the property for the prescriptive period in the codes. Boundary Disputes. If they remain in possession of it for a specified number of years, they can make a legal claim in court for the title. 1819. 430.10(e); Zelig v. County of Los Angeles (2002) 27 Cal.App.4th 1112, 1126.) Your subscription was successfully upgraded. Appellant's contention that respondent's possession was not adverse is based on the statement in Holzer v. Read, 216 Cal. 01. Here it is clear to the court that plaintiffs seek to quiet title and for a declaration of their rights based on their claim of adverse possession. You're all set! (99 Cal.App.3d at p. Thus, appellant had been living for over 40 years in a house on a lot that is actually the east half of Lot 8, but which his deed describes as the west half of Lot 7. 2d 453, 458 et seq. 2d 458] taxes assessed by the City of Benicia and the County of Solano, against the properties actually occupied by them. 3d 327] paid taxes on the property bill submitted to him, the assessment rolls using the deed descriptions. at 73233.) that a cotenant claiming adverse possession by ouster of his or her cotenants has a heavy burden. Adverse possession under a claim of right is not founded on a written instrument, judgment or decree. The elements necessary to establish title by adverse possession are tax payment and open and notorious use or possession that is continuous and uninterrupted, hostile to the true owner and under a claim of title. The trial court found that respondent and "his predecessors in title" have been in possession of the property in question by virtue of deeds mistakenly describing the property as the east one-half of Lot 7 for more than the statutory period and that the land in question was conveyed to plaintiff and his predecessors by deeds describing the adjoining property. Defendants GOAL LINE PROPERTIES, LLC; RICHARD BARON; and STEPHEN DYNERs motion for judgment on the pleadings is GRANTED without leave to amend in part, and DENIED in part. This statement of the reason for the rule and its application to the facts of the Von Neindorff and Messer cases shows that the rule was too broadly stated in those cases. The viability of the adverse possession doctrine was questioned in Finley v. Yuba County Water Dist. App. Ct. (1999) 76 Cal.App.4th 970, 978 citing Blain v. Doctor's Co. (1990) 222 Cal. Colorado. that might establish adverse possession by a person who is not a tenant in common are, 2d 465] assessment rolls and that the property occupied by respondent has been described in the tax assessment rolls of both the city and county as the east half of Lot 7 and assessed to respondent and his predecessors as improved property. A color of title adverse possession claim also requires good faith reliance upon it by the party claiming adverse possession. Appellant relies also on Allen v. McKay & Co., 120 Cal. 4th 726, 732.) Under the stipulated facts, their possession was hostile and adverse. 266, 271 [176 P. 442]; Mann v. Mann (1907) 152 Cal. 2d 575, 581-582 [304 P.2d 149]; see 3 Witkin, Summary of Cal. Proc., 322-325.) Civ. Typically, these requirements include occupying . We conclude that neither modern conditions nor the good-faith-improver statutes warrant repudiation of Sorensen. (Park v. Powers, 2 Cal. 334, 336 [125 P. 1083], that the period of adverse possession does not commence to run until the discovery of the mistake, must be disapproved, for it is not only inconsistent with the statutes of this state but is directly contrary to the holding of this court in Woodward v. Faris, supra, 109 Cal. Send real property possession via email, link, or fax. App. )Whether the doctrine of unclean hands applies is a question of fact. (Kendall-Jackson Winery, supra, at 978 citing CrossTalk Productions, Inc. v. Jacobson (1998) 65 Cal. 3d 201, 210-211 [154 Cal. But the Supreme Court has rejected this contention. In such a situation the deed to land possessed by neither the present claimant nor his predecessors does not preclude a claim by the person in possession to the land occupied. Last. 3d 180.). (Id. (Civ. ", The relationship between the mistake rule and the exception was addressed in Sorensen v. Costa (1948) 32 Cal. Adverse Possession Defense. 2d 759, 762 [248 P.2d 949].). 2. [14] Where a claimant of title by adverse possession has paid the taxes actually assessed on the property occupied, a misdescription on the tax assessment roll or in the tax receipts will not generally affect the efficacy of payment under statutes requiring the payment of taxes in order to establish title by adverse possession. However, not all such claims are nearly as straightforward; and, in general, adverse possession is not easy to establish. It has no application to a situation where the deed describes none of the land possessed by the claimant's predecessor and the predecessor has transferred possession and attempted to transfer title to all of the land that he possessed. Your content views addon has successfully been added. Various commentaries agree that the title presented need not be legal. Sign up for our free summaries and get the latest delivered directly to you. In 1890 L. B. Misner executed a deed to Lot 7 to E. F. Albee and F. M. Carson. 697.). (See Ballantine, Title by Adverse Possession, 32 Harv.L.Rev. This is particularly so where the root of the problem stems from confusion on your neighbour's part as to where the correct boundary lies. All that the claimant must show, however, is that his occupation was such as to constitute reasonable notice to the true owner that he claimed the land as his own. As pointed out above, failure to pay taxes bars the claim of title by adverse possession. It's a legal principle under which a person who does not have legal ownership to a piece of real estate may acquire title based on continuous possession or occupation of a property without the permission of its legal owner. The doctrine of adverse possession provides that sometimes a trespasser can become a rightful owner. In this case, Mr. Schorr was successful in proving that his client had successfully acquired her co-owners 50% interest in the property through adverse possession and after an ouster had occurred. His next-door neighbor, respondent, has a deed describing the east half of Lot 7, but he has been occupying a house on land described in appellant's deed, the west half of Lot 7. 4 347, 351 [260 P. 942], it was held that deeds describing the property were sufficient to establish the privity necessary to tack the adverse possession of the claimant to that of his predecessors. 2d 414, 417 [175 P.2d 219]; Kunza v. Gaskell (1979) 91 Cal. Explained: Adverse Possession Laws In California By Pride Legal on July 27th, 2020 . Tentative ruling: Adverse possession is sometimes described colloquially as "squatter's rights". It does happen, so know your rights and protect your property. 2d 92, 98 [122 P.2d 619]; see also Lummer v. Unruh, 25 Cal. 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